An encoding method includes encoding to-be-encoded images including one or more non-output images and a plurality of output images to generate a bitstream. A difference between picture order counts (POCs) of two neighboring output images having neighboring display orders is greater than 1. A ratio of a difference between POCs of two first output images of the plurality of output images to a photographing time interval of the two first output images is same as a ratio of a difference between POCs of two second output images of the plurality of output images to a photographing time interval of the two second output images. At least one of the two second output images is different from either of the two first output images. A POC of at least one of the one or more non-output images is between the POCs of the two neighboring output images.