A method and a system for controlling an optical frequency comb, where the working power of the pump source is dynamically adjusted and controlled, which not only greatly shortens a control time of a stable mode-locking and realizes a fast mode-locking control, but also quickly stabilizes the power control of stable working condition, thereby reducing unnecessary power consumption caused by power reciprocating oscillation tracking controls and better achieving the energy-saving effect of the power adjustment control process. The temperature of the working environment of the pump source is dynamically adjusted and controlled, so that the environment temperature can quickly reach the reference environment temperature required for mode-locking, which not only creates a good temperature condition for the mode-locking of the optical comb system, but also improves the efficiency of environment temperature stability control in the stable working conditions.