A sample holder for holding a sample comprising a drill core sample or drill cuttings during X-ray transmission measurements and fluorescence measurements is disclosed. The sample holder comprises a confining structure having an axial direction and being adapted to, during measurement, at least partially enclose the sample and to restrict movement of the sample in a direction intersecting the axial direction. The confining structure comprises at least one region facing away from the axial direction and allowing exciting radiation impinging on, and fluorescent radiation emanating from, the sample during measurement to pass therethrough. An apparatus adapted for receiving such a sample holder is also disclosed, comprising a ray source, an X-ray transmission detector, a fluorescence detector and rotating means for rotating at least one of the sample holder, the X-ray source, the X-ray transmission detector and the fluorescence detector. Further, a system comprising such a sample holder and apparatus is disclosed.