A modular tray system for counting and/or storing ammunition components is described. Embodiments of the modular tray system can include, but are not limited to, a base tray, one or more spacers, one or more adapter trays, and a cover. The one or more spacers and the one or more adapter trays can each be configured to operate in combination with the base tray. The cover can be configured to be placed over outer edges of the base tray.