A method of forming a porous three-dimensional (3D) is disclosed. The method comprises (I) printing a first composition on a substrate (16) with the nozzle (12) of the apparatus (10) to form at least one first filament (14) comprising the first composition, (II) selectively controlling the distance and/or the speed such that the at least one first filament coils on the substrate to give a first layer on the substrate, the first layer comprising a coiled filament, optionally repeating steps I) and II) with independently selected composition(s) for any additional layer(s), and (III) exposing the layer(s) to a solidification condition. A porous three-dimensional (3D) article formed in accordance with the method is also disclosed.