A depth and distance-based single-path routing method, in which location information of nodes in network is gathered after initialization is completed, and a location table of whole-network nodes maintained by the sink node is generated. The update mechanism of the uplink Location frame is switched to a unicast triggering update mechanism to execute a depth and energy-based uplink routing algorithm. For a downlink control packet arriving at a specified ID, location information of a node is obtained through the location table to execute a distance and energy-based downlink routing policy. The distance and energy-based downlink routing policy for a downlink control packet arriving at a specified location and a downlink control packet arriving at the specified ID is executed, and a routing recovery algorithm is executed when an “open area” occurs.