The present embodiment relates to a composition containing human adipose stem cell-derived exosomes as an active ingredient for preventing, alleviating or treating liver fibrosis. The adipose stem cell-derived exosomes according to the present embodiment carry genetic information, protein, growth factor and the like for treating liver fibrosis, and have shown excellent results in treating liver fibrosis in animal models therefor, and, being a cell-derived substance, exosomes have the advantages of being highly biocompatible and having a superb absorption rate.