The present invention provides a method of improving the phenomenon of the glomerular sclerosis and mononuclear leukocyte infiltration around renal tissues, and increasing the renal function by administering the probiotic bacterium of a Parabacteroides goldsteinii to a subject in need to inhibit the occurrence of chronic kidney disease. The Parabacteroides goldsteinii can also effectively modulate the gene expression level of MCP-1, IL-1β, COL3A, COL6A1, ACAA2, PPAR-γ, CPT1, and PGC-1α in kidney tissues to reduce kidney inflammation and renal fibrosis and enhance the mitochondria activity of kidney cells. Therefore, the Parabacteroides goldsteinii of the present invention can be utilized in pharmaceutical compositions for inhibiting or treating chronic kidney diseases.