An electrical signal detection module includes a photoelectrical signal application circuitry, an operational amplifier, a gain control circuitry and a master control circuitry. The gain control circuitry includes at least two gain control sub-circuitries connected in parallel to each other, and a discharge switching sub-circuitry connected in parallel to the gain control sub-circuitries. Each gain control sub-circuitry includes a gain switching sub-circuitry and a gain capacitive sub-circuitry connected in series to each other. The master control circuitry is configured to apply a discharge switching signal to the discharge switching sub-circuitry, and apply a gain switching control signal to the corresponding gain switching sub-circuitry. The gain switching sub-circuitry is configured to control a first end and a second end of the gain switching sub-circuitry to be electrically connected to each other in accordance with the gain switching control signal. The discharge switching sub-circuitry is configured to enable a first end of the gain capacitive sub-circuitry connected to the gain switching sub-circuitry to be electrically connected to, or electrically disconnected from, a second end of the gain capacitive sub-circuitry in accordance with the discharge switching signal.