A pixel arrangement structure, a display panel, a mask component, and an evaporation apparatus are provided. The pixel arrangement structure includes a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in a row direction and a column direction. The plurality of sub-pixels are divided into a plurality of rows of sub-pixel groups. Each of rows of sub-pixel groups include at least two rows of the sub-pixels, and include a plurality of repeating units arranged in sequence, and each of the repeating units includes at least two sub-pixel groups of different colors. Each of the sub-pixel groups includes at least two sub-pixels of a same color that are located in at least two rows and are adjacently arranged, and sub-pixels adjacent to each other and having different colors, which are located in sub-pixel groups of different colors, constitute one pixel.