A two-dimensional code error correction decoding method is provided. In an embodiment, a two-dimensional code image is preprocessed to obtain a data codeword for decoding; optimal parameter matching is performed based on the data codeword to obtain a corresponding interpolation severity, and interpolation is performed based on the interpolation severity to construct a binary polynomial; an optimal information polynomial is obtained based on the binary polynomial, and the optimal information polynomial is used as an information codeword; and data decoding is performed based on the information codeword to obtain original information corresponding to the two-dimensional code image.