An image processing apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention includes a projected image input unit that inputs a projected image formed by light incident on a Fresnel zone plate from a subject, a complex image generation unit that generates a complex image including an image of a real part and an image of an imaginary part by multiplying the projected image with each of a first Fresnel zone pattern and a second Fresnel zone pattern having the same local spatial frequency in each region and a different phase of the local spatial frequency with respect to the first Fresnel zone pattern, and a Fourier transformation unit that reconstructs an image of a spatial domain by performing two-dimensional complex Fourier transformation on the complex image.