A human-powered vehicle control device includes an electronic controller that controls a motor. The motor assists in propulsion of a human-powered vehicle including a transmission configured to change, in steps, a first ratio of a rotational speed of a drive wheel to a rotational speed of a rotary body to which human drive force is input. The controller controls the motor in a first control state if the first ratio is changed by only one step during a predetermined period or a signal is received for changing the first ratio by one step during the predetermined period. The controller controls the motor in a second control state that differs from the first control state if the first ratio is changed by at least two steps during the predetermined period or a signal is received for changing the first ratio by at least two steps during the predetermined period.