The invention discloses a method and a device for identifying pathological pictures, wherein the method comprises: obtaining sample data including a positive sample that is a pathological picture of malignant lesion and a negative sample that is a picture of normal tissue or a pathological picture of benign lesion, with a lesion area marked on the pathological picture of a malignant lesion; dividing the sample data into a training set and a testing set; training a deep neural network model using the training set; testing a trained deep neural network model using the testing set; adjusting parameters of the trained deep neural network model according to a testing result; identifying the pathological picture using the trained deep neural network model. The invention can improve the efficiency and accuracy of pathological picture identification.