Disclosed are a scheduling-free transmission method and apparatus. The method comprises: monitoring a service interaction state to obtain a service requirement evaluation result; determining whether the service requirement evaluation result represents a low service load, and if so, allocating dedicated resources to a terminal, otherwise, allocating shared resources to the terminal; acquiring a transmission result of data transmission carried out by the terminal based on the allocated resources; and based on the transmission result, sending response information to the terminal according to a pre-set dynamic response rule. In this way, a terminal can transmit data by means of dedicated resources when a service load is low, and the terminal transmits data using shared resources when the service load is high, thereby reducing time delays, preventing resource conflicts, and increasing the transmission rate and reliability.