This invention discloses a decontaminating column for on-line replacing adsorption material, and it includes: a tank having an inner tank being used for filling the adsorption material, and one end of the tank being set to be opened; at least one discharging part is being attached to the tank, and an open-close unit by which the adsorption material can be discharged and which is installed between the discharging part and the tank. There is a chamber in the discharging part, which is connected to a gas replacement unit. At the same time, this invention also discloses a glove box. Compared with the existing technology, this invention effectively solves the problems of low efficiency, high manufacturing cost and high maintenance cost generated by decontaminating column replacement mode in the existing technology; In addition, when the decontaminating column is used in the glove box, replacing the adsorption material can ensure that the water oxygen in the glove box is prevented from leaking out and/or the water oxygen outside of the glove box is prevented from penetrating into the box.