Provided are an energy storage system (ESS) capable of increasing precision of a fire control system to accurately determine and extinguish a fire, and a fire control method of the ESS. The ESS according to the present disclosure includes a container, a heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, and a fire control system, wherein the fire control system includes a fire extinguisher and a control panel, a smoke detector, a heat detector, and a flame detector mounted in the container, and a duct smoke detector mounted in a duct of the HVAC system, and wherein the control panel has a mode for operating the fire extinguisher when all of the smoke detector, the heat detector, and the flame detector detect a fire, a mode for operating the fire extinguisher when the duct smoke detector detects a fire, and a mode for operating the fire extinguisher when a manipulation button is operated.