A method for wrong-way driver detection, including a step of reading map data mapping road segments of a road network negotiable by a vehicle, a step of determining a plurality of instantaneous particles using a measured instantaneous position of the vehicle, one particle representing an assumed position of the vehicle and a weighting assigned to the assumed position, a step of reading in a plurality of previously filtered particles representing particles filtered in a preceding step of filtering using a particle filter, a step of determining a set of plausible road segments, using the plurality of instantaneous particles and the plurality of previously filtered particles, and a step of filtering the plurality of instantaneous particles based on the set of plausible road segments, using the particle filter, to determine a plurality of filtered particles.