A 360-degree video data processing method performed by a 360-degree video reception apparatus, according to the present invention, comprises the steps of: receiving 360-degree video data; deriving metadata and information on an encoded picture for a specific viewing position in specific viewing space based on the 360-degree video data; decoding the encoded picture based on the information on the encoded picture; and rendering the decoded picture based on the metadata, wherein the metadata includes viewing space information, and wherein the viewing space information includes information indicating a shape type of the specific viewing space.