A vegetable oil-based cartilage bionic cushioning and shock-absorbing material, and a preparation method and use thereof, is provided. The vegetable oil-based cartilage bionic cushioning and shock-absorbing material is prepared from a premix A and an isocyanate mixture B; the premix A including a vegetable oil-based modified polyol, a type 1 polyether polyol, a type 2 polyether polyol, a polymer polyol, a surfactant, a foaming agent, a chain extender, a catalyst and a cell regulator; the type 1 polyether polyol is a polyether polyol with a molecular weight of 400-1000 and a hydroxyl value of 110-280 mgKOH/g; and the type 2 polyether polyol is a polyether polyol with a molecular weight of 1000-10000 and a hydroxyl value of 25-56 mg KOH/g. The material provided by the present invention is environment-friendly and breathable with open cells, and has a high cushioning effect and a low permanent compression set value.