The present invention relates to a voice signal processing method according to a state of an electronic device, and an electronic device therefor. An electronic device according to various embodiments comprises: a microphone; and a processor, wherein the processor can be configured to: obtain a voice signal using the microphone, check a state of the electronic device, and generate a first voice signal by filtering the voice signal using a first method, at least based on a determination of the electronic device being in a first state; generate a second voice signal by filtering the voice signal using a second method, at least based on a determination of the electronic device being in a second state; and transmit to an external electronic device a corresponding voice signal of the first voice signal or the second voice signal. In addition, other embodiments are possible.