A first image to be processed is identified, where the first image includes one or more interference factors. The one or more interference factors are removed from the first image using a plurality of different interference factor removal techniques to obtain a plurality of sample images, where each of the plurality of sample images is associated with a particular interference factor removal technique. Each sample image of the plurality of sample images is segmented into a plurality of sample sub-images based on a segmentation rule, where each sample sub-image is associated with an attribute. A plurality of target sub-images is determined from the plurality of sample sub-images, where each target sub-image comprises a combination of sample sub-images associated with a common attribute, and where each target sub-image is associated with a different attribute. The plurality of target sub-images associated with different attributes is combined into a target image.