Embodiments of the present application disclose a method and a device for file name identification and file cleaning. The method for file name identification comprises: determining a set of files to be processed; obtaining a string corresponding to the name of each file included in the set of files to be processed; for the obtained string corresponding to the name of each file, detecting whether a regular expression template matching the string is present in a preset regular expression template library; determining the detected regular expression template as a regular expression template of the file name corresponding to the string; identifying a regular expression of the file name corresponding to the string according to the determined regular expression template. Embodiments of the present application are applied to enable automatic identification of file names and the cleaning of files in electronic devices, improving the efficiency of identifying file names in electronic devices and the efficiency of file cleaning.