When displaying a frame that is to be transformed based on a predicted view orientation, the frame is transformed based on a predicted view orientation by, for each of plural different regions of the frame, determining a predicted view orientation transformation matrix to use to transform the region of the frame by interpolating between a first predicted view orientation matrix that corresponds to a transformation for a predicted view orientation for a first time during the display of the frame and a second predicted view orientation matrix that corresponds to a predicted view orientation for a second, later time during the display of the frame; and then using the interpolated predicted view orientation transformation matrix determined for the region of the frame to transform the region of the frame. In this way each different region of the frame is subjected to a different predicted view orientation transformation.