The present invention provides a composition for treating ischemic diseases or neuroinflammatory disorders, comprising a secretome of neural precursor cells (NPCs) as an active ingredient. The secretome of NPCs, of the present invention, reduces an ischemic injury site and enables neurological functions to recover by means of roles such as anti-inflammation, neovascularization regeneration, and activation and proliferation of inherent stem cells, thereby being usable as a therapeutic agent for ischemic diseases and degenerative nervous system disorders such as nerve damage diseases caused by inflammation. Particularly, the secretome of NPCs, of the present invention, has an excellent behavior improvement effect when administered multiple times.