Provided herein are cannabinoid-containing complex mixtures suitable for use as active pharmaceutical ingredients. The complex mixtures comprise at least a first major cannabinoid, at least a first minor cannabinoid, and optionally at least a first selected terpene. Also provided are methods of making the complex mixtures; pharmaceutical compositions comprising the complex mixture, and methods of using the pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Lewy Body Dementia, or Huntington's disease.