New, more efficient and robust data storage devices and techniques are provided. In some aspects of the invention, a new form of data storage device is provided, incorporating storage units with simple writeable domains, and a readable conditioning structure positioned around the units. The readable structure elaborates the simpler data written in the domains to generate more complex and complete data sets. In some embodiments, the physical arrangement, or other attributes, of structural storage device elements may serve as the patterned reference device for data enhancement and supplementation.