A method is provided for determining a mobility context for a user carrying a device fitted with inertial sensors. The method includes measuring inertial data from a set of inertial sensors of the device, taken at the time of execution of a reference gesture with the device, comparing the measured inertial data with prerecorded inertial data for various mobility contexts and for this reference gesture, and determining the mobility context according to the result of the comparison. A device and a server are also provided, which are capable of implementing the method described.