A ceiling fan blade structure and a ceiling fan. The ceiling fan blade structure includes: at least one fan blade provided with a first inserting portion; and a mounting plate provided with a second inserting portion, and being able to be detachably connected with the fan blade through a fit between the first inserting portion and the second inserting portion. The installation of the fan blade is changed, and the connecting members used in the existing mounting method of fan blades are removed. The fan blade is provided with the first inserting portion, the mounting plate is provided with the second inserting portion, and through corresponding insertion between the first inserting portion and the second inserting portion, the fan blade may be mounted to the mounting plate rapidly. Moreover, in a mounting process of the fan blade, a mounting operation can be completed without assistance of auxiliary tools.