The present technology relates to a control device and a control method that make it possible to estimate a self-position reliably with lower power consumption. An activation determination unit selects some of a plurality of cameras as activation cameras to be used for self-position estimation, and on the basis of the selection result of the activation cameras, an activation switching unit sets cameras taken as the activation cameras among the plurality of cameras to an activation state and causes the cameras to photograph images, and suspends the activation of the other cameras. A self-position estimation unit performs self-position estimation on the basis of images photographed by the activation cameras. Further, the activation determination unit selects the activation cameras again at a predetermined timing. The present technology can be applied to a self-position estimation system.