Provided is an image processing apparatus, an image processing method, and a program, which are capable of accurate collation even when an image contains a number of identical or similar subjects. The image processing apparatus of the present invention has: first feature amount generating means for generating, with respect to a plurality of feature points to be detected from a first image, a first local feature amount group including local feature amounts representing feature amounts of a plurality of local regions containing the respective feature points, and a first coordinate position information group including coordinate position information; region dividing means for clustering the feature points of the first image based on the first coordinate position information group; and collation means for collating, in units of clusters, the first local feature amount group with a second local feature amount group formed from local feature amounts of feature points detected from a second image.