In various embodiments, an apparatus, a non-transitory computer-readable media, and a method are provided, involving a technique to: based on a first outside-scope identifier and via a first network interface of the current node that is in a second network path segment including the previous node and the current node, receive an indication of a receipt of a first packet that is specified according to an Internet Protocol (IP) network protocol or a label forwarding paradigm, the first outside-scope identifier identifying, in a first region, a second region communicatively coupled to the previous node via the first network interface of the current node, where the first outside-scope identifier does not identify any network interface; identify, from a header of the first packet, a second outside-scope identifier that does not identify any network interface, the second outside-scope identifier identifying a third region that does not include the current node; and using the second outside-scope identifier, cause transmission, via a first path segment that includes the current node and that is at least partially outside the third region, first data from the current node to a second network interface of a next node that is at least partially included in the third region.