Disclosed are a wavelength conversion device and a light emitting device. The wavelength conversion device includes a wavelength conversion layer used for absorbing excitation light and generating converted light; a box having a first area used for transmitting the excitation light to the wavelength conversion layer and a second area used for transmitting the converted light, and further including an air outlet and an air inlet; a conduit, disposed outside the box and used for connecting the air inlet and the air outlet, so as to seal with the box the wavelength conversion layer in the box; a heat exchanger, used for decreasing a gas temperature in the conduit; and a gas circulation device, disposed in sealed space encircled by the box and the conduit, and used for driving exchange between gas in the box and gas in the conduit. The wavelength conversion device achieves both dust prevention and heat dissipation.