A system for dynamic calibration of a first radiofrequency chain to be calibrated comprises: an injection device for injecting a calibration signal whose waveform is predetermined, connected upstream of the radiofrequency chain to be calibrated, and a compensation device for compensating the amplitude-wise and phase-wise disparities caused by the first chain to be calibrated including a controlled compensation filter. The automatic calibration system comprises a device for temporal erasure of the calibration signal injected with the aid of an analog or digital subtracter, the subtracter being connected downstream of the first radiofrequency chain to be calibrated.