An augmented reality presentation system directs a sensor included within an augmented reality projection device to capture an image of a portion of a real-world environment included within a field of view of the sensor. As the sensor captures the image, the system determines that a target object located within the real-world environment is included within the field of view of the sensor, and identifies augmented reality content associated with the target object. As the sensor continues capturing the image, the system directs a projector included within the augmented reality projection device to project the augmented reality content onto a physical surface within the real-world environment and associated with the target object. The physical surface is physically detached from the augmented reality projection device and is included within the field of view of the sensor while the augmented reality content is projected onto the physical surface.