The present invention relates to: a porous polymer material having a porous structure over the entire polymer and having a dense porous structure in which pores are connected to each other therein. The porous polymer material is harmless to the human body as it does not use toxic organic solvents. In addition, a porous polymer material can be prepared without using any additives for forming pores and the particle size can be easily controlled, and thus a polymer material suitable for various uses can be prepared. Furthermore, the extended release of a loaded bioactive material is possible only by the dense porous structure of a polymer itself without using an additive and a surface modification method in the porous polymer material of the present invention. Therefore, the porous polymer material can be applied to a biodegradable material in various bio-fields requiring the extended release of a bioactive material.