A transparent electrode (1) comprises a transparent substrate (2); a metal conductive layer (4) composed of a metal thin line pattern; and a polymer conductive layer (6) including a conductive polymer containing a polymer acid. The metal conductive layer (4) is formed on/over the transparent substrate (2) and the metal conductive layer (4) is covered with the polymer conductive layer (6). The polymer conductive layer (6) has a surface specific resistance of 10,000Ω/□ or smaller and the polymer acid contains a fluorinated polymer acid and a non-fluorinated polymer acid. In the polymer conductive layer (6) a concentration of the fluorinated polymer acid increases along a direction from the transparent substrate (2) towards the polymer conductive layer (6).