Provided are an intra-frame pixel prediction method, encoding method and decoding method, and an intra-frame pixel prediction device. The intra-frame pixel prediction method comprises: defining a target template of a pixel to be predicted currently; comparing the target template with candidate templates in a search region of the frame, and determining, from the candidate templates, at least one matching template matching the target template; and based on the at least one matching template, determining a prediction value of the pixel to be predicted currently. In the intra-frame pixel prediction method in the embodiments of the present invention, the template matching is conducted by taking a pixel point as a unit, so that a pixel can be predicted accurately.