An optical measurement method and an optical measurement device for determining the spatial or spatiotemporal distribution of a sample, the sample comprising at least one retransmission source retransmitting light depending on light projected onto the sample according to a predetermined law. The method has steps of projection onto the sample of at least two compact light distributions belonging to different topological families, which propagate along the same optical path; detection of the light retransmitted by said at least one retransmission source of the sample; generation of at least one optical image from the detected light; and algorithmic analysis of the optical images for obtaining location data on said at least one retransmission source.