A super-resolution observation device includes an illumination optical system collecting a first illuminating light having a first optical frequency ω1 on a first region of an observation object, collecting a second illuminating light having a second optical frequency ω2′ on a second region partially overlapping the first region, and collecting a third illuminating light having a third optical frequency ω2 on a third region containing a non-overlap region which is a region of the first region and does not overlap the second region; and an extraction unit extracting a signal light generated in accordance with a change in an energy level of a substance in the non-overlap region from a light generated in all of the first region, the second region, and the third region.