A method and system for resource allocation for data and control channels is provided. A downlink transmission method of a base station in a the system includes determining, by the base station, whether resources for a terminal are restricted; determining a sub-set of resource blocks for the terminal from among all resource blocks, if the resources for the terminal are restricted; transmitting information about the sub-set of the resource blocks to the terminal; and allocating a first sub-sub-set of the sub-set of the resource blocks for control channel transmission, and a second sub-sub-set of the sub-set of the resource blocks for data channel transmission.