Disclosed are various embodiments of memristive neural networks comprising neural nodes. Memristive nanofibers are used to form artificial synapses in the neural networks. Each memristive nanofiber may couple one or more neural nodes to one or more other neural nodes. In one case, a memristive neural network includes a first neural node, a second neural node, and a memristive fiber that couples the first neural node to the second neural node. The memristive fiber comprises a conductive core and a memristive shell, where the conductive core forms a communications path between the first neural node and the second neural node and the memristive shell forms a memristor synapse between the first neural node and the second neural node.