A board work device includes a housing device, a holding device, a moving device, a first lane and a second lane, a corresponding relationship acquisition device, a priority order acquisition device, and a control device. The holding device exchangeably holds a board work tool that performs a board work on a board. The corresponding relationship acquisition device acquires a corresponding relationship between the types of the board work tool and each of the multiple board works for each of the boards. The control device controls the holding device and the moving device such that, when performing the board work based on the acquired corresponding relationship, in a predetermined case, the board work that is capable of being performed in the other lane is performed without exchanging the board work tool currently being held.