An object is to improve the safety of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery at the time of the internal short circuit. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The positive electrode includes a current collector and a positive electrode active material layer formed on the current collector. The current collector includes a metal foil having a roughened surface. The negative electrode includes a silicon-containing negative electrode active material. The metal foil is preferably a metal foil containing aluminum. The metal foil preferably has a surface roughness Ra of 0.1 to 2.0 μm.