A method of acquiring frequency hop timing synchronization includes a propagation delay time computation process of computing a minimum and maximum propagation delay times according to an error of a location of a satellite communication terminal, which is input by an operator of a ground satellite terminal, and a delay transmission process of transmitting a ranging signal after a certain time upon the transmission of the ranging signal through a ranging-dedicated hop group having a hop duration time that is set in consideration of the maximum propagation delay, the minimum propagation delay, a ranging time, and a timing error due to a positional change of a satellite, in order to avoid collisions between the ranging signal and other signals. The satellite communication terminal may receive a ranging signal that was transmitted by the satellite communication terminal and control a timing for determining whether synchronization is acquired and a timing for performing transmission.