Methods to reduce the proliferation of vestibular schwannoma (VS) cells and/or provide neuroprotection to reduce the risk of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), vestibular dysfunction and facial nerve paralysis in subjects with VS. The methods can include one or more of decreasing TNF-α activity or expression; decreasing NF-κB expression or activity; decreasing COX-2 expression or activity; administering FGF2; decreasing HGF expression or activity; or decreasing c-Met expression or activity.