Disclosed is a method for producing natural gas, olefin and coal tar from coal. Hydrogen elements in raw material coal are directly separated from the coal in a form of gaseous hydrocarbons at appropriate temperature and gas phase medium conditions; carbon elements in the coal is directed reacted with the hydrogen elements to form gaseous hydrocarbons; and carbon elements in the residual coke after the production of the gaseous hydrocarbons are subjected to a water gas reaction to be converted into CO and H2 with oxygen enriched steam at high temperature. The method of the invention can greatly improve the energy conversion efficiency, greatly reduce the consumption of water resources, greatly reduce CO2 emission and environmental pollution, greatly reduce the equipment investment and reduce the production cost.