The invention provides a preparation method of hollow silica ellipsoids with controllable housing thickness, and relates to a preparation method of a silica structural material. The method comprises the following steps that one, hydrothermal synthesis method is adopted, iron sulphate is taken as an iron source, sodium dihydrogen phosphate and urea are added to a reaction system, and fusiform alpha-Fe2O3 particles are prepared; two, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is used for modifying the surfaces of the fusiform alpha-Fe2O3 particles; three, a St-ber method in which tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) is taken as a silicon source and aqueous ammonia is taken as a catalyst is used for prepare alpha-Fe2O3@SiO2 ellipsoid particles; four, a hydrothermal acid dissolution method is adopted to remove the coresof the fusiform alpha-Fe2O3 particles to obtain hollow silica ellipsoid structures. The method has the advantages that the geometric homogeneity of the hollow silica ellipsoids and the thickness of asilica housing are accurately controlled to reduce the reaction energy consumption and reaction time of core-shell ellipsoid cores, and finally the hollow silica ellipsoids with controllable housing thickness with monodispersing performance are obtained.