The invention discloses high strength and high corrosion resistance stainless steel containing copper and niobium and a preparation method of the stainless steel. Alloy elements comprise smaller thanor equal to 0.08 C, 11.0-15.0 Ni, 18.0-20.0 Cr, 3.0-4.0 Mo, smaller than or equal to 0.61 Nb, 0.2-0.8 Cu, smaller than or equal to 2.0 Mn, smaller than or equal to 1.0 Si, smaller than or equal to 0.035 P, smaller than or equal to 0.030 S, and the balance Fe, wherein 7.73x(C-0.01)<=Nb<=7.73xC. After alloy smelting, due to thermal deformation cogging and cold deformation, NbC can be sufficiently broken and distributed in a dispersed manner, and due to high temperature solid solution treatment, coarse and large austenite grains are obtained. Under the hydrogen introducing condition, the alloy corroding current in a 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 electrolyte containing 5x10<-6>F<-> at 80 DEG C is 7.4-13.2 muA/cm<2>, compared with 317L stainless steel, the corroding speed is substantially lowered, and the mechanical performance is slightly superior to that of the 317L stainless steel.