The invention discloses an interlayer composite material for a high-speed railway wallboard. The composite material comprises an outer aluminum plate, a composite core material and an inner aluminum plate, wherein the composite core material includes a surface structure material and a cellular core material, the surface structure material includes a flame-retardant layer, a sound-insulating noise-reduction layer, an insulation structure layer, a prepreg layer, a strength layer, and a rigid structural layer. The structure design of the material is reasonable, the material not only has low density, good flame retardant and soundproof performance, but also has excellent impact resistance, prolongs service life, and ensures the running speed and safety of the high-speed railway.